A benign tumor of the bone is a spontaneous growth of new tissue forming an abnormal mass. Types of benign tumors of the bone include: giant cell tumors; osteoblastoma; hemangioma; osteochondroma; osteoid osteoma; and eosinophilic granuloma.

Predisposing factors associated with or linked to benign tumors include: a family history of benign tumors; environmental factors, including viruses, exposure to chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and tobacco; and prior illnesses such as an autoimmune disease, previous immunosuppressive therapy, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Persistent or unexplained pain and swelling, with or without limitation of motion of adjacent joints or spontaneous fracture, are the usual signs and symptoms of benign bone tumors.

A complete history and physical examination are necessary for early diagnosis and treatment. Tests include: computed tomography (CT) scan; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); needle biopsy of the bony lesion and regional lymph nodes; and histological studies of bone marrow. X-rays may show suspicious areas of bony enlargement, deformity, radiodensity, or radiolucency.

Treatment depends on the type of tumor involved. Measures may include: surgery; radiotherapy; antineoplastic chemotherapy; or a combination of surgery and other therapies. Mild to moderate pain may be treated with nonopioid analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Opioids and NSAIDs are used for bone pain, with corticosteroids being used for severe bone pain.

Residuals depend upon the location and type of tumor, the responsiveness of the tumor to treatment, and the extent of the surgery. The recovery rate for tumors that are benign is good; however, the person needs long-term follow-up because a few benign tumors may become malignant. The person may have an amputation or extensive surgery which may require long-term rehabilitation. Counseling and occupational therapy may be required.

• The rating schedule for musculoskeletal was updated on February 7, 2021. Protection still does apply and should be considered with existing evaluations (38 CFR 3.951(a)).

• The provisions for 10 and 20 percent evaluations for arthritis with multiple joint involvement without limitation of motion do not apply to these conditions as is reflected in Note (2) under DC 5003.

• May be entitled to special monthly compensation where the veteran has a single service-connected disability rated as 100% with additional service-connected disability or disabilities independently ratable at 60% or more, which are separate and distinct from the 100% service-connected disability and involves different anatomical segments or bodily systems. See  38 CFR 3.350(i)(1) – Special Monthly Compensation (SMC).

• Evaluate the diseases under diagnostic codes 5013 through 5024 as degenerative arthritis, based on limitation of motion of affected parts.